A meaningful record of code violations or complaints relative to its peers. More recorded distress than 90% of 1-5-unit residential buildings citywide. The citywide median for 1-5-unit residential buildings is 0 penalty
points per 10 units; this building carries 26.7. In ZIP 10464, 91% of residential buildings hold an A and
2% grade D or F.
How grades work
this building
A
C
Among 699,345 1-5-unit residential buildings citywide · left is less recorded distress, right is more
Open with the city right now
No current HPD flags in the latest weekly snapshot: no open violations, no
pending litigation, no active vacate orders, and not in the Alternative Enforcement Program.
Patterns
No heat or hot-water complaints in the last three years.
No bedbug-infested units reported in the last three years of filings.
What 311 hears from this address
21 service requests in the last three years. Most common: Illegal Parking (9) · Street Sign (2) · Food Establishment (2) · Street Condition (1) · Illegal Tree Damage (1) · New Tree Request (1).
Filed construction activity
$941,000 in permitted construction work filed since
2016 (7 filings with a declared cost) — a rough measure of how actively
the owner maintains the building. Permit costs cover filed construction work only — they do not
capture routine maintenance or repairs done without a permit.
Rent-stabilization signals
Yes
Built before 1974 (1931)
No
Six or more residential units (2)
No
421-a / J-51 tax benefit on the current tax roll
1 of 3 signals present. Only a partial profile — stabilization is possible but less likely. The definitive answer for any unit:
request its rent history from NYS Homes & Community Renewal (free, at hcr.ny.gov).
What the city thinks it's worth
Tax year
City market value
Assessed value
2025
$957,000
$430,650
2026
$966,000
$434,700
2027
$1,094,000
$492,300
The city's market estimate has risen
14% between tax years 2025 and 2027.
2 Food Establishment complaints to 311 at this address in the last three years (most often: Food Contaminated, Food Spoiled), shared by 2 restaurants · complaints filed by the public; DOHMH investigates, outcomes aren't published.
Flood exposure
In the FEMA 1%-annual-chance floodplain (2015 preliminary flood
maps) — lenders typically require flood insurance here.
Hurricane evacuation zone 1 of 6 — zone 1 evacuates first.
Not in the city's stormwater (cloudburst) flood maps under any modeled scenario.
No street-flooding or sewer-backup complaints on record at this address.
Sources: FEMA flood maps (coastal), NYC DEP Stormwater Flood Maps
(cloudburst), NYC hurricane evacuation zones, and 311 records for this address.
Getting around
Bus
Nearest boarding stop: City Island Av / Kilroe St — Bx29 · 300 ft
Distances are straight-line, not walking routes. Transit locations from the MTA and
Citi Bike, bike facilities from NYC DOT, school zones from the DOE's 2024–25 maps.
21 311 service requests from this address in the last three years.
311 will ask for the address, the apartment if the problem is inside, and what's wrong.
Contact details are optional for most complaints; food-poisoning reports can be anonymous. Complaints
appear in the city's public 311 data, usually within a day or two, and then in the Live from 311 box
on this page.
Sales, deeds & mortgages
Most recent mortgage recorded against this lot: $146,750 on
2019-07-31 (lender: Dime Community Bank). Face amount at recording — it may have since been paid
down, refinanced or satisfied. View the recorded
document.
Date
Record
Amount
Per res. unit
2019-07-31
Mortgage $146,750 — from 630/636 CITY ISLAND REAL ESTATE CORP to DIME COMMUNITY BANK
$146,750
2019-07-31
Agreement $800,000 — from 630/636 CITY ISLAND REAL ESTATE CORP to DIME COMMUNITY BANK
$800,000
2019-07-31
AL&R $800,000 — from 630/636 CITY ISLAND REAL ESTATE CORP to DIME COMMUNITY BANK
$800,000
2014-05-09
Deed $1,236,300 — from CHIAZZESE GROUP LLC to 630-636 CITY ISLAND AVENUE REALTY CORP
$1,236,300
2014-05-09
Agreement $650,000 — from 630-636 CITY ISLAND AVENUE REALTY CORP to CHIAZZESE GROUP LLC
$650,000
2014-05-09
Mortgage $265,836 — from 630-636 CITY ISLAND AVENUE REALTY CORP to CHIAZZESE GROUP LLC
$265,836
2014-05-09
AL&R $650,000 — from 630-636 CITY ISLAND AVENUE REALTY CORP to CHIAZZESE GROUP LLC
$650,000
2002-09-26
Mortgage $850,000 — from CHIAZZESE GROUP, LLC to STERN, HOWARD/TRUSTEE; DEAN PASVANKIAS TRUST/TRUSTEE FOR; MARATHON TRUST/TRUSTEE FOR; PASV
$850,000
Ten-year activity
50250
36
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
ConstructionEnforcementHousing & tenantsOwnership & moneyHealth & systems
Show as table
Year
Construction
Enforcement
Housing & tenants
Ownership & money
Health & systems
Total
2017
0
11
23
0
2
36
2018
2
4
8
0
2
16
2019
0
5
1
7
2
15
2020
6
4
18
0
0
28
2021
2
14
12
0
0
28
2022
0
11
19
1
0
31
2023
0
10
5
0
1
16
2024
0
10
7
0
1
18
2025
0
11
7
0
0
18
2026
0
17
8
2
2
29
This record is free. Keeping it free costs money. Servers, data pipelines, weekends. Pay what you want — a dollar helps.
2022-06-10ECB CLASS - 2 violation: WORK WITHOUT A PERMIT - ERECTED A BUSINESS SIGN WITHOUT A PERMIT. SIGNREADS "SEAFORD CITY KINGS" W/ A PIC OF ORANGE CRAB. SIGN IS
2021-10-01311: Street Light Condition — Street Light Out
2021-09-13FDNY inspection (RISK)
2021-09-12311: Noise - Vehicle — Car/Truck Music
2021-09-06311: Street Light Condition — Fixture/Luminaire Missing
2021-08-29311: Noise - Vehicle — Car/Truck Music
2021-08-25FDNY inspection (RISK)
2021-07-24311: Noise - Vehicle — Car/Truck Music
2021-07-18Job filed: APPLICATION FOR PLUMBING WORKS ONLY FOR INSTALLATION OF COMMERCIAL COOKING EQUIPMENTS IN EXISTING SPACE AS PER PLAN. MECHANICAL SYSTEMS FOR EXHAUST HO$25,500
2021-06-17311: Street Light Condition — Fixture/Luminaire Damaged
2021-05-26FDNY inspection (RISK)
2021-05-24FDNY inspection (RISK)
2021-04-20DOB complaint, category ?
2021-04-20DOB complaint, category ?
2021-04-16FDNY inspection (COM_OCPCY)
2021-04-16FDNY inspection (COM_OCPCY)
2021-04-16FDNY inspection (COM_OCPCY)
2021-03-26Permit Plumbing — Signed-off
2021-02-06311: Snow — E9 Snow / Icy Sidewalk
2020
2020-07-29Permit Plumbing — Signed-off
2020-07-21311: Homeless Person Assistance — N/A
2020-07-21311: Homeless Person Assistance — N/A
2020-07-21311: Homeless Person Assistance — N/A
2020-07-21311: Homeless Person Assistance — N/A
2020-07-20311: Homeless Person Assistance — N/A
2020-07-20311: Homeless Person Assistance — N/A
2020-07-20311: Homeless Person Assistance — N/A
2020-07-20311: Homeless Person Assistance — N/A
2020-07-20311: Homeless Person Assistance — N/A
2020-07-20311: Homeless Person Assistance — N/A
2020-07-13311: Sanitation Condition — 12 Dead Animals
2020-07-10Permit Mechanical Systems — Permit Issued
2020-07-01Job filed: APPLICATION FOR PLUMBING WORKS ONLY FOR INSTALLATION OF COMMERCIAL COOKING EQUIPMENTS IN EXISTING SPACE AS PER PLAN. MECHANICAL SYSTEMS FOR EXHAUST HO$25,500
2020-07-01Job filed: APPLICATION FOR MECHANICAL EXHAUST HOOD AND EXHAUST DUCTS FOR COMMERCIAL KITCHEN AS PER PLAN. FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM FILED SEPARATELY TO FDNY. PLUMBI$20,000
2020-06-29Job filed: INTERIOR RENOVATION OF EXISTING SPACE AS PER PLAN. PLUMBING & MECHANICAL WORK TO BE FILED SEPARATELY IN DOB NOW # X00360358 & X00360353 RESPEC$25,000
2020-06-29Job filed: INTERIOR RENOVATION OF EXISTING SPACE AS PER PLAN. PLUMBING & MECHANICAL WORK TO BE FILED SEPARATELY IN DOB NOW # X00360358 & X00360353 RESPEC$25,000
2020-06-28311: NonCompliance with Phased Reopening — Business not in compliance
2020-06-14311: Non-Emergency Police Matter — Face Covering Violation
2016-04-23ECB CLASS - 2 violation: WORK W/O A PERMIT. AT TIME OF INSPECTION OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING. INSTALLED A NEW STEEL DOOR APPRX 34"WIDE AT THE REAR OF THE DELI/G
2016-04-19ECB CLASS - 2 violation: WORK W/O PERMIT. NOTED: AWNING APPROX 20FT WIDE X 3FT OVERHANG X 2FT HIGH & SUPERIMPOSED METAL BOX,APPROX 20FT WIDE X 5FT HIGH X 1
2016-04-19ECB CLASS - 2 violation: WORK W/O PERMIT. NOTED: INSTALL APPROX FOUR 8FT FLUORESCENT FIXTURES UNDER EXTERIOR AWNING W/O A PERMIT. REMEDY: COMPLY W/NOTICE O
2016-03-15311: Special Projects Inspection Team (SPIT) — Sign/Awning/Marquee - Illegal/No Permit
2016-03-15DOB complaint, category ?
2016-01-29FDNY inspection (RISK)
2016-01-11FDNY inspection (RISK)
2015
2015-11-13FDNY inspection (RISK)
2015-11-10311: Noise — Noise: air condition/ventilation equipment (NV1)
2015-11-10311: Noise — Noise: air condition/ventilation equipment (NV1)
2015-10-16Rodent inspection: Failed for Other Reason
2015-09-24ECB CLASS - 2 violation: WORK W/O A PERMIT. NOTED: INSTALLED ILLUMINATED SIGN,W/INSCRIPTION"BAYVIEW FOOD MARKET" IN BOLD CAPITALS-ACROSS SHEET METAL COVERE
2015-09-24ECB CLASS - 2 violation: WORK W/O A PERMIT. NOTED: INSTALL AWNING APPROX 18FT WIDE X 3FT 6 INS.OVERHANG X 2FT HIGH W/6FT FLUORESCENT FIXTURES UNDER IT & MA
2015-05-22311: Water System — Hydrant Running Full (WA4)
2015-05-22Permit EW — ISSUED
2015-05-22Permit EW — ISSUED
2015-05-21311: Water System — Leak (Use Comments) (WA2)
2015-05-21Job filed: INTERION RENOVATION INCLUDING NEW FL TILE,WOOD COUNTER, CEILING TILE REPLACEMENT, INSTALLATION OF NEW COOKING EQUIPMENT ,S.S HOOD AND DUCT. ALL WORK A$11,000
2015-05-21Job filed: INTERION RENOVATION INCLUDING NEW FL TILE,WOOD COUNTER, CEILING TILE REPLACEMENT, INSTALLATION OF NEW COOKING EQUIPMENT ,S.S HOOD AND DUCT. ALL WORK A$11,000
2015-05-21Job filed: INTERION RENOVATION INCLUDING NEW FL TILE,WOOD COUNTER, CEILING TILE REPLACEMENT, INSTALLATION OF NEW COOKING EQUIPMENT ,S.S HOOD AND DUCT. ALL WORK A$11,000
2015-05-13311: Water System — Hydrant Defective (WC2)
2015-04-27FDNY inspection (RISK)
2015-04-22FDNY inspection (RISK)
2015-03-30FDNY inspection (RISK)
2014
2014-11-10Permit PL — ISSUED
2014-10-29Permit EW — ISSUED
2014-10-08Job filed: RENOVATE EXISTING STORE, NEW PARTITIONS,PLUMBING & HVAC$52,000
2014-10-08Job filed: RENOVATE EXISTING STORE, NEW PARTITIONS,PLUMBING & HVAC$52,000
2014-08-15311: Street Light Condition — Street Light Out
2014-05-09Deed $1,236,300 — from CHIAZZESE GROUP LLC to 630-636 CITY ISLAND AVENUE REALTY CORP$1,236,300
2014-05-09Agreement $650,000 — from 630-636 CITY ISLAND AVENUE REALTY CORP to CHIAZZESE GROUP LLC$650,000
2014-05-09Mortgage $265,836 — from 630-636 CITY ISLAND AVENUE REALTY CORP to CHIAZZESE GROUP LLC$265,836
2014-05-09PAT — from ARGENTO, GINA to CIAFONE, ESQ, JOHN J
2014-05-09Mortgage assigned — from THE DEAN PASVANKIAS TRUST; PASVANKIAS, STEVEN, TRUSTEE; THE MARATHON TRUST; CHIANG, PEGGY, to CHIAZZESE GROUP LLC
2014-05-09AL&R $650,000 — from 630-636 CITY ISLAND AVENUE REALTY CORP to CHIAZZESE GROUP LLC$650,000
2014-05-06Permit EQ — ISSUED
2014-05-06Permit EW — ISSUED
2014-05-06Permit EW — ISSUED
2014-05-05Job filed: INTERIOR RENOVATION FOR EXISTING DUNKIN DONUTS ON FIRST FLOOR. INSTALL NON-LOAD BEARING PARTITIONS, MECHANICAL SYSTEM AND PLUMBING FIXTURES. NO CHANGE$117,960
2013-06-05311: Street Light Condition — Street Light Lamp Missing
2013-03-14311: Graffiti — Graffiti
2012
2012-02-20311: Sanitation Condition — 12 Dead Animals
2012-02-18311: Sanitation Condition — 12 Dead Animals
2011
2011-06-15311: Street Light Condition — Street Light Out
2011-05-11311: Water System — Hydrant Knocked Over/Missing (WC)
2010
2010-08-18311: Street Condition — Failed Street Repair
2010-01-28311: Noise - Vehicle — Engine Idling
2010-01-26311: Air Quality — Air: Odor/Fumes, Vehicle Idling (AD3)
2010-01-18311: Noise - Vehicle — Car/Truck Horn
2010-01-12311: Air Quality — Air: Odor/Fumes, Vehicle Idling (AD3)
2010-01-12311: Noise - Vehicle — Engine Idling
2010-01-06311: Noise - Vehicle — Engine Idling
2007
2007-11-19DOB complaint, category ?
2007-08-01Permit EW — ISSUED
2007-07-18Job filed: CONSTRUCT NEW NON-BEARING PARTITIONS IN CONJUNCTION WITH ALT1# 200773840. NO CHANGE IN EGRESS,USE OR OCCUPANCY.$8,500
2006
2006-01-18DOB complaint, category ?
2005
2005-02-17Permit PL — ISSUED
2004
2004-09-08Permit EW — ISSUED
2004-08-27Permit SG — ISSUED
2004-08-26Job filed: INSTALL FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM. NO CHANGE IN USE, OCCUPANCY OR EGRESS IS INVOLVED UNDER THIS APPLICATION$3,000
2004-08-26Job filed: INSTALL FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM. NO CHANGE IN USE, OCCUPANCY OR EGRESS IS INVOLVED UNDER THIS APPLICATION$3,000
2004-08-25Permit AL — ISSUED
2004-08-25Permit SG — ISSUED
2004-08-25Permit SG — ISSUED
2004-08-04Job filed: NON ILLUMINATED NON ADVERTISING ACCESSORY STOREFRONT AWNING READING- NO WORDING NO CHANGE TO USE, EGRESS OR OCCUPANCY$3,000
2004-07-22ECB Non-Hazardous violation: WORK W/OUT A PERMIT.WORK NOTED:HAVING INSTALLED A SIGN STRUCTURE WITHOUT A PERMIT.ALSO NOTED:HAVING AN ILLUMINATED SIGN WITHOUT A
2004-07-22DOB complaint, category ?
2004-07-22DOB complaint, category ?
2004-06-24Permit PL — ISSUED
2004-06-17Permit EW — ISSUED
2004-06-17Permit EW — ISSUED
2004-06-11Job filed: RENOVATE COMMERCIAL SPACE INTO DUNKIN' DONUTS & BASKIN ROBBINS. NO CHANGE IN USE, EGRESS, OR OCCUPANCY.$134,000
2004-06-11Job filed: RENOVATE COMMERCIAL SPACE INTO DUNKIN' DONUTS & BASKIN ROBBINS. NO CHANGE IN USE, EGRESS, OR OCCUPANCY.$134,000
2004-04-05Permit PL — ISSUED
2004-03-17Permit EW — ISSUED
2004-03-17Permit EW — ISSUED
2004-02-05Job filed: RENOVATE COMMERCIAL SPACE INTO DUNKIN' DONUTS & BASKIN ROBBINS. NO CHANGE IN USE, EGRESS, OR OCCUPANCY.$134,000
2004-02-05Job filed: RENOVATE COMMERCIAL SPACE INTO DUNKIN' DONUTS & BASKIN ROBBINS. NO CHANGE IN USE, EGRESS, OR OCCUPANCY.$134,000
2003
2003-10-20Permit EW — ISSUED
2003-10-20Permit PL — ISSUED
2003-10-20Permit EW — ISSUED
2003-10-01Job filed: It is proposed to renovate existing store on 1st floor. Minor partition & plumbing work. No change in use, egress or occupancy.$38,000
2003-10-01Job filed: It is proposed to renovate existing store on 1st floor. Minor partition & plumbing work. No change in use, egress or occupancy.$38,000
2003-10-01Job filed: It is proposed to renovate existing store on 1st floor. Minor partition & plumbing work. No change in use, egress or occupancy.$38,000
2003-06-20Permit EQ — ISSUED
2003-06-19Job filed: INSTALL 78' SIDEWALK SHED DURING EXTERIOR WORK. NO CHANGE IN USE, EGRESS OR OCCUPANCY. ALL WORK TO COMPLY WITH LL 33/91.
2003-06-19Job filed: INSTALL 78' SIDEWALK SHED DURING EXTERIOR WORK. NO CHANGE IN USE, EGRESS OR OCCUPANCY. ALL WORK TO COMPLY WITH LL 33/91.
2003-06-10Permit EQ — ISSUED
2003-06-10Permit AL — ISSUED
2003-02-12Job filed: DIVIDE ONE APARTMENT INTO TWO APARTMENTS NEW PLUMBING.NEW EXTERIOR FINI ES/ FACADE.$40,000
2003-02-12Job filed: DIVIDE ONE APARTMENT INTO TWO APARTMENTS NEW PLUMBING.NEW EXTERIOR FINI ES/ FACADE.$40,000
2003-02-12Job filed: DIVIDE ONE APARTMENT INTO TWO APARTMENTS NEW PLUMBING.NEW EXTERIOR FINI ES/ FACADE.$40,000
2002
2002-12-24SAGE — from NYC DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE
2002-09-26Deed — from STERN, HOWARD/TRUSTEE; PASVANKIAS, STEVEN/TRUSTEE; MARATHON TRUST/TRUSTEE FOR; DEAN J. PAS to CHIAZZESE GROUP, LLC
2002-09-26Mortgage $850,000 — from CHIAZZESE GROUP, LLC to STERN, HOWARD/TRUSTEE; DEAN PASVANKIAS TRUST/TRUSTEE FOR; MARATHON TRUST/TRUSTEE FOR; PASV$850,000
2001
2001-10-16Job filed: TO REARRANGE EXISTING RESTAURANT AND RET AIL STORE.NO CHANGE IN USE,EGRE S,OR OCCUPANCY.$30,000
2001-10-16Job filed: TO REARRANGE EXISTING RESTAURANT AND RET AIL STORE.NO CHANGE IN USE,EGRE S,OR OCCUPANCY.$30,000
1998
1998-02-12Deed — from PASVANKIAS, JEAN to PASVANKIAS, STEVEN; PASVANKIAS, STEVEN J.
1998-02-12Deed — from PASVANKIAS, JEAN to STERN, HOWARD/TRUSTEE; PASVANKIAS, STEVEN J.
1997
1997-12-23Deed — from PASVNAKIAS, JEAN to STERN, HOWARD /TRUSTEE
1997-12-23Deed — from PASVANKIAS, JEAN to PASVANKIAS, STEVEN; DEAN PASVANKIAS TRUST/TRUSTEE
1997-03-26Permit SG — ISSUED
1997-03-26Permit SG — ISSUED
1996
1996-08-02Deed — from PASVANKIAS, JEAN to PASVANKIAS, STEVEN/TRUSTEE; PASVANKIAS, DEAN/TRUST OF
1996-08-02Deed — from PASVANKIAS, JEAN to STERN, HOWARD/TRUSTEE; MARATHON TRUST OF
1996-07-03STP — from CASCINO, SALVATORE
1996-03-16DOB violation C:
1996-03-13Permit PL — ISSUED
1996-02-28Mortgage satisfied — from PASVANKIAS, JOHN to CEPHALOS CARPENTRY,INC.
1996-02-27Deed — from PASVANKIAS, STEVEN J./TRUSTEE; DEAN J. PASVANKIAS TRUST/TR OF; PASVANKIAS, JEAN; MARATHON to MINNIEFORD AVENUE, LLC
1995
1995-12-13Permit AL — ISSUED
1995-01-25ECB Hazardous violation: NO 24HR NOTICE-UOPON INSPECTION BLD HAS BEEN DEMOLISHED WITHOUT FIRST PROVIDING 24HR NOTICE ALWAYS PROVIDE 24HR NOTICE PRIOR TO ST$500
1995-01-03Deed — from PASVANKIAS, JEAN to PASVANKIAS, STEVEN J./TRUSTEE; DEAN J. PASVANKIAS TRUST
1995-01-03Deed — from PASVANKIAS, JEAN to STERN, HOWARD/TRUSTEE; MARATHON TRUST/TR OF
1994
1994-12-28Deed — from PASVANKIAS, JEAN to STERN, HOWARD/TRUSTEE OF THE MARATHON TR
1994-12-28Deed — from PASVANKIAS, JEAN to DEAN J. PASVANKIAS/TRUSTEE OF; PASVANKIAS, STEVEN J/TRUSTEE
1994-11-30ECB Hazardous violation: NO 24HR NOTICE-INSPECTION BLD HAS BEEN DEMOLISHED WITHOUT FIRST PROVIDING THE 24HR NOTICE TO THE BLD DEPT AS PER CODE.$500
1994-11-17Permit DM — ISSUED
1994-11-17Permit DM — ISSUED
1994-11-17Permit DM — ISSUED
1994-11-17Permit DM — ISSUED
1994-11-17Permit DM — ISSUED
1993
1993-06-18Deed — from PASVANKIAS, JEAN to MARATHON TRUST/TRUSTOF; STERN, HOWARD/TRUSTEE
1993-06-18Deed — from PASVANKIAS, JEAN to PASVANKIAS, STEVEN/TRUST; PASVANKIAS, DEAN J/TR OF
1992
1992-12-23Deed — from PASVANKIAS, JEAN to PASVANKIAS, STEVEN J/TR; DEAN J. PASVANKIAS TR/TR
1992-12-11DOB complaint, category ?
1992-04-16DOB complaint, category ?
1989
1989-08-14DOB complaint, category ?
1987
1987-04-06Deed — from PASVANKIAS, JEAN/EXECTX; PASVANKIAS, JOHN/EXEOF to PASVANKIAS, JEAN/INDVLY
1986
1986-08-05Mortgage satisfied — from PASVANKIAS, JOHN to YAGODA, EDNA R./EXECUTIC; GOLDSMITH, ABRAHAM/EXECU; PRAGER, ELEANOR
1980
1980-04-01Mortgage — from PASVANKIAS JOHN to CEPHALOS CARPENTRY INC
1973
1973-10-02Mortgage assigned — from GOLDSMITH ABRAHAM EXS OF to ELEANOR PRAGER; EDNA R YAGODA
1973-10-02Mortgage assigned — from GOLDSMITH ABRAHAM EXS OF to EDNA R YAGODA; ELEANOR PRAGER
1971
1971-06-03Deed to JOHN PASVANKIAS
1971-06-03Mortgage — from PASVANKIAS JOHN to ABRAHAM GOLDSMITH EXS OF
1970
1970-03-12PAT — from YAGODA EDNA R to ABRAHAM GOLDSMITH
1967
1967-01-24SAGE — from YAGODA EDNA R; GOLDSMITH ABRAHAM
1967-01-24SAGE — from YAGODA EDNA R; GOLDSMITH ABRAHAM