The city's published records show little recorded distress here in the last three years. Less recorded distress than 62% of 6-24-unit residential buildings citywide. The citywide median for 6-24-unit residential buildings is 16.3 penalty
points per 10 units; this building carries 10. In ZIP 11103, 72% of residential buildings hold an A and
4% grade D or F.
How grades work
this building
A
B
C
Among 46,798 6-24-unit residential buildings citywide · left is less recorded distress, right is more
Open with the city right now
Open HPD violations
35 total — 5 class C (immediately hazardous), 23 class B, 7 class A. Oldest open since 1982-10-03.
status snapshot refreshed weekly from HPD records
Patterns
10 heat or hot-water complaints in the last three years (winter 2023–24: 2 · winter 2024–25: 2 · winter 2025–26: 6). Repeated winter clusters suggest a chronic heating problem.
2
’23–24
2
’24–25
6
’25–26
No bedbug-infested units reported in the last three years of filings.
What 311 hears from this address
9 service requests in the last three years. Most common: HEAT/HOT WATER (5) · Noise (2) · Illegal Dumping (1) · Missed Collection (1).
Filed construction activity
No permitted work with a declared cost filed in the last decade. Permit
costs cover filed construction work only — they do not capture routine maintenance or repairs done
without a permit.
Rent-stabilization signals
Yes
Built before 1974 (1928)
Yes
Six or more residential units (6)
No
421-a / J-51 tax benefit on the current tax roll
2 of 3 signals present. This is the classic profile of a rent-stabilized building (pre-1974, 6+ units) — many units in such buildings remain stabilized. The definitive answer for any unit:
request its rent history from NYS Homes & Community Renewal (free, at hcr.ny.gov).
Registered with HPD — the names behind the building
Registered owner(s)
COGENISOAL LLC
Head officer
ALEXANDER IOANNIDIS
Managing agent
cogenisoal
Last registered
2026-07-23
as filed by the owner in the building's HPD registration
What the city thinks it's worth
Tax year
City market value
Assessed value
2025
$1,615,000
$726,750
2026
$1,877,000
$844,650
2027
$2,153,000
$968,850
The city's market estimate has risen
33% between tax years 2025 and 2027.
Distances are straight-line, not walking routes. Transit locations from the MTA and
Citi Bike, bike facilities from NYC DOT, school zones from the DOE's 2024–25 maps.
9 311 service requests from this address in the last three years — 5 of them about heat or hot water.
311 will ask for the address, the apartment if the problem is inside, and what's wrong.
Contact details are optional for most complaints; food-poisoning reports can be anonymous. Complaints
appear in the city's public 311 data, usually within a day or two, and then in the Live from 311 box
on this page.
Sales, deeds & mortgages
Most recent mortgage recorded against this lot: $993,791 on
2006-04-03 (lender: Emigrant Funding Corporation), covering 2 lots — the amount covers all of them. Face amount at recording — it may have since been paid
down, refinanced or satisfied. View the recorded
document.
Date
Record
Amount
Per res. unit
2006-04-03
AL&R $1,200,000 — from EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION to 3065 STEINWAY REALTY, INC.
$1,200,000
2006-04-03
Agreement $1,200,000 — from 3065 STEINWAY REALTY, INC.; 3069 STEINWAY, INC. to EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION
$1,200,000
2006-04-03
Mortgage $993,791 — from 3069 STEINWAY, INC.; 3065 STEINWAY REALTY, INC. to EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION
$993,791
2006-02-28
AL&R $800,000 — from EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION to 3069 STEINWAY, INC.
$800,000
2006-02-28
Mortgage $547,354 — from 3069 STEINWAY, INC; 3065 STEINWAY REALTY INC. to EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION
$547,354
2006-02-28
Agreement $800,000 — from 3065 STEINWAY REALTY INC.; 3069 STEINWAY, INC to EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION
$800,000
1994-12-08
Mortgage $465,000 — from IOANNIDIS, ALEX to 3065 STEINWAY ST CORP
$465,000
1986-03-31
Mortgage $250,000 — from 30-65 STEINWAY ST CORP to BANCO POPULAR DE P.R.
$250,000
1982-05-14
Mortgage $47,000 — from 30-65 STEINWAY ST. CORP to SUNTAN REALTY CORP
$47,000
1982-01-25
Mortgage $132,000 — from VLACANCICH, MAURA; VLACANCICH, JOHN; SUNTAN REALTY INC. to HARTOFELIS, GUS X.; HARTOFELIS, HELEN
$132,000
Ten-year activity
50250
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
23
2023
2024
2025
2026
EnforcementHousing & tenantsOwnership & moneyHealth & systems
Show as table
Year
Enforcement
Housing & tenants
Ownership & money
Health & systems
Total
2017
0
0
0
0
0
2018
0
1
0
0
1
2019
0
7
0
1
8
2020
0
1
3
1
5
2021
0
2
1
1
4
2022
0
4
0
1
5
2023
1
21
0
1
23
2024
0
4
0
1
5
2025
0
7
0
2
9
2026
0
6
0
1
7
This record is free. Keeping it free costs money. Servers, data pipelines, weekends. Pay what you want — a dollar helps.
HPD class A: (A) § HMC:FILE ANNUAL BEDBUG REPORT IN ACCORDANCE WITH HPD RULE AS DESCRIBED ON THE BACK OF THIS NOTICE OF VIOLATION OR AS DESCRIBED ON HPD
2026-01-09
Tenant complaint: HEAT/HOT WATER — APARTMENT ONLY
2026-01-09
311: HEAT/HOT WATER — APARTMENT ONLY
2026-01-02
Tenant complaint: HEAT/HOT WATER — APARTMENT ONLY
2026-01-02
311: HEAT/HOT WATER — APARTMENT ONLY
2025-12-05
Tenant complaint: HEAT/HOT WATER — APARTMENT ONLY
2025-12-05
311: HEAT/HOT WATER — APARTMENT ONLY
The full timeline
2026
2026-08-10Restaurant inspection: OSTRO CAFE — grade N
2026-05-12Bedbug filing: 0 infested units
2026-05-07HPD class A: (A) § HMC:FILE ANNUAL BEDBUG REPORT IN ACCORDANCE WITH HPD RULE AS DESCRIBED ON THE BACK OF THIS NOTICE OF VIOLATION OR AS DESCRIBED ON HPD
2026-01-09Tenant complaint: HEAT/HOT WATER — APARTMENT ONLY
2026-01-09311: HEAT/HOT WATER — APARTMENT ONLY
2026-01-02Tenant complaint: HEAT/HOT WATER — APARTMENT ONLY
2026-01-02311: HEAT/HOT WATER — APARTMENT ONLY
2025
2025-12-05Tenant complaint: HEAT/HOT WATER — APARTMENT ONLY
2023-03-29HPD class A: (A) § HMC:FILE ANNUAL BEDBUG REPORT IN ACCORDANCE WITH HPD RULE AS DESCRIBED ON THE BACK OF THIS NOTICE OF VIOLATION OR AS DESCRIBED ON HPD
2022
2022-12-03Tenant complaint: HEAT/HOT WATER — ENTIRE BUILDING
2022-12-03311: HEAT/HOT WATER — ENTIRE BUILDING
2022-06-09Boiler inspection
2022-03-08HPD class I: §27-2107 ADM CODE OWNER FAILED TO FILE A VALID REGISTRATION STATEMENT WITH THE DEPARTMENT AS REQUIRED BY ADM CODE §27-2097 AND IS THEREFORE
2022-03-08HPD class A: (A) § HMC:FILE ANNUAL BEDBUG REPORT IN ACCORDANCE WITH HPD RULE AS DESCRIBED ON THE BACK OF THIS NOTICE OF VIOLATION OR AS DESCRIBED ON HPD
2021
2021-06-02Boiler inspection
2021-04-29Mortgage satisfied — from 30-69 STEINWAY, INC; 30-65 STEINWAY REALTY INC; IOANNIDIS, ALEX to EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION
2021-04-16HPD class I: §27-2107 ADM CODE OWNER FAILED TO FILE A VALID REGISTRATION STATEMENT WITH THE DEPARTMENT AS REQUIRED BY ADM CODE §27-2097 AND IS THEREFORE
2021-04-16HPD class A: (A) § HMC:FILE ANNUAL BEDBUG REPORT IN ACCORDANCE WITH HPD RULE AS DESCRIBED ON THE BACK OF THIS NOTICE OF VIOLATION OR AS DESCRIBED ON HPD
2020
2020-10-26TL&R — from 3069 STEINWAY, INC; 3065 STEINWAY REALTY, INC to EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION
2020-10-26Mortgage satisfied — from NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GROUP, LLC; ELNAGHAVE, ESHEN; 3069 STEINWAY, INC; 3065 STEINWAY REALT to EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION
2020-10-26TL&R — from 3065 STEINWAY REALTY, INC to EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION
2020-06-18311: Request Large Bulky Item Collection — Request Large Bulky Item Collection
2020-03-04Boiler inspection
2019
2019-10-08311: Request Large Bulky Item Collection — Request Large Bulky Item Collection
2019-09-06311: Request Large Bulky Item Collection — Request Large Bulky Item Collection
2019-08-12311: Sanitation Condition — 15 Street Cond/Dump-Out/Drop-Off
2019-08-08311: Request Large Bulky Item Collection — Request Large Bulky Item Collection
2019-05-21311: Request Large Bulky Item Collection — Request Large Bulky Item Collection
2019-05-14311: Request Large Bulky Item Collection — Request Large Bulky Item Collection
2019-05-09311: Request Large Bulky Item Collection — Request Large Bulky Item Collection
2019-01-29Boiler inspection
2018
2018-08-10311: Request Large Bulky Item Collection — Request Large Bulky Item Collection
2016
2016-12-09Rodent inspection: Passed
2016-08-30Rodent inspection: Failed for Rat Activity
2016-05-27FDNY inspection (RISK)
2015
2015-10-16HPD class I: §27-2107 ADM CODE OWNER FAILED TO FILE A VALID REGISTRATION STATEMENT WITH THE DEPARTMENT AS REQUIRED BY ADM CODE §27-2097 AND IS THEREFORE
2015-03-02HPD class I: §27-2107 ADM CODE OWNER FAILED TO FILE A VALID REGISTRATION STATEMENT WITH THE DEPARTMENT AS REQUIRED BY ADM CODE §27-2097 AND IS THEREFORE
2014
2014-11-15Tenant complaint: HEAT/HOT WATER — ENTIRE BUILDING
2014-11-15311: HEAT/HOT WATER — ENTIRE BUILDING
2014-11-06Tenant complaint: HEAT/HOT WATER — ENTIRE BUILDING
2014-11-06311: HEAT/HOT WATER — ENTIRE BUILDING
2013
2013-12-07Tenant complaint: HEATING — HEAT RELATED
2013-12-07311: HEATING — HEAT
2013-11-22Tenant complaint: HEATING — HEAT RELATED
2013-11-22311: HEATING — HEAT
2013-11-13Tenant complaint: HEATING — HEAT RELATED
2013-11-13311: HEATING — HEAT
2011
2011-12-08Tenant complaint: HEATING — HEAT RELATED
2011-12-08311: HEATING — HEAT
2011-11-30Tenant complaint: HEATING — HEAT RELATED
2011-11-30311: HEATING — HEAT
2011-11-18Tenant complaint: HEATING — HEAT RELATED
2010-12-27Tenant complaint: HEATING — HEAT RELATED
2010-12-16HPD class B: § 27-2005 ADM CODE REPLACE WITH NEW THE BROKEN OR DEFECTIVE AIR VALVE AT RADIATOR IN THE 3rd ROOM FROM EAST LOCATED AT APT 4, 3rd STORY, APA
2010-12-16HPD class B: § 27-2005 ADM CODE REPLACE WITH NEW THE BROKEN OR DEFECTIVE AIR VALVE AT RADIATOR IN THE 1st ROOM FROM EAST LOCATED AT APT 4, 3rd STORY, APA
2010-12-16HPD class B: § 27-2045 ADM CODE REPAIR OR REPLACE THE SMOKE DETECTOR DEFECTIVE IN THE ENTIRE APARTMENT LOCATED AT APT 4, 3rd STORY, APARTMENT AT SOUTH
2010-12-16HPD class B: § 27-2046.1, 2046.2 HMC: PROVIDE AN APPROVED AND OPERATIONAL CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTING DEVICE, INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE LAW A
2010-12-07Tenant complaint: HEATING — HEAT RELATED
2010-12-07311: HEATING — HEAT
2010-10-20Tenant complaint: HEATING — HEAT RELATED
2009-12-24Tenant complaint: HEATING — HEAT RELATED
2009-12-04Tenant complaint: HEATING — HEAT RELATED
2008
2008-12-09HPD class B: § 27-2046.1, 2046.2 HMC: PROVIDE AN APPROVED AND OPERATIONAL CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTING DEVICE, INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE LAW A
2008-12-09HPD class B: § 27-2045 ADM CODE REPAIR OR REPLACE THE SMOKE DETECTOR MISSING IN THE ENTIRE APARTMENT LOCATED AT APT 4LT, 4th STORY, 1st APARTMENT FROM WE
2008-12-03Tenant complaint: HEATING — HEAT RELATED
2008-12-02Tenant complaint: HEATING — HEAT RELATED
2008-07-30HPD class A: § 300 M/D LAW FILE PLANS AND APPLICATION AND LEGALIZE THE FOLLOWING ALTERATION OR RESTORE TO THE LEGAL CONDITION EXISTING PRIOR TO THE MAKIN
2008-06-28HPD class B: § 27-2005 ADM CODE PROPERLY SECURE THE LOOSE 3RD FROM BOTTOM TREAD AT STAIRS FROM 1ST TO 2ND STORY PUBLIC HALL
2008-06-28HPD class B: § 27-2005 ADM CODE REPAIR THE BROKEN OR DEFECTIVE PLASTERED SURFACES AND PAINT IN A UNIFORM COLOR WALLS & CEILINGS APARTMENT THROUGHOUT LOCA
2008-06-28HPD class A: § 27-2005 ADM CODE PAINT METAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH DEPT. REGULATION RISER AT BATHROOM LOCATED AT APT 3, 3rd STORY, APARTMENT AT NORTH
2008-06-28HPD class A: § 300 M/D LAW FILE PLANS AND APPLICATION AND LEGALIZE THE FOLLOWING ALTERATION OR RESTORE TO THE LEGAL CONDITION EXISTING PRIOR TO THE MAKIN
2006-10-11Deed — from 30-65 STEINWAY STREET, INC. to COGENISOAL LLC
2006-04-03AL&R $1,200,000 — from EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION to 3065 STEINWAY REALTY, INC.$1,200,000
2006-04-03Agreement $1,200,000 — from 3065 STEINWAY REALTY, INC.; 3069 STEINWAY, INC. to EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION$1,200,000
2006-04-03Mortgage $993,791 — from 3069 STEINWAY, INC.; 3065 STEINWAY REALTY, INC. to EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION$993,791
2006-04-03Deed — from IOANNIDIS , ALEXANDROS to 3065 STEINWAY STREET INC,
2006-04-03Mortgage assigned — from 3065 STEINWAY STREET CORP. to EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION
2006-02-28AL&R $800,000 — from EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION to 3069 STEINWAY, INC.$800,000
2006-02-28Agreement — from EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION to LAND AMERICA EXCHANGE COMPANY
2006-02-28Mortgage $547,354 — from 3069 STEINWAY, INC; 3065 STEINWAY REALTY INC. to EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION$547,354
2006-02-28Agreement $800,000 — from 3065 STEINWAY REALTY INC.; 3069 STEINWAY, INC to EMIGRANT FUNDING CORPORATION$800,000
2002
2002-10-23HPD class A: § 27-2011 ADM CODE CLEANSE TO THE SATISFACTION OF THIS DEPARTMENT THE all stys throughout AT PUBLIC HALL
2002-10-23HPD class B: § 27-2005 ADM CODE REPLACE WITH NEW THE BROKEN OR DEFECTIVE marble tread 3rd from bottom AT PUBLIC HALL, 1st STORY
2001
2001-08-06DOB complaint, category ?
2001-07-30DOB violation C:
1999
1999-03-26DOB violation C:
1999-03-26DOB violation Z:
1999-03-26DOB violation C:
1999-03-26DOB violation C:
1995
1995-08-29DOB violation LL6291:
1994
1994-12-23Mortgage satisfied — from 30-65 STEINWAY STREET CORPORATION to BANCO POPULAR DE PUERTO RICO
1994-12-08Deed — from 3065 STEINWAY ST CORP to IOANNIDIS, ALEX
1994-12-08Mortgage $465,000 — from IOANNIDIS, ALEX to 3065 STEINWAY ST CORP$465,000
1989
1989-10-30HPD class C: § 27-2005 ADM CODE & 309 M/D LAW ABATE THE NUISANCE CONSISTING OF AIR CONDITIONER OBSTRUCTING EGRESS IN FIRE ESCAPE WINDOW 4 STY APT 6. , SE
1989-10-30HPD class B: D26-10.01, 10.05 ADM CODE ARRANGE AND MAKE SELF-CLOSING THE DOORS ENTRANCE TO 4 STY APT 6. LOCATED AT APT 6
1989-10-30HPD class A: § 300 M/D LAW FILE PLANS AND APPLICATION AND LEGALIZE THE FOLLOWING ALTERATION OR RESTORE TO THE LEGAL CONDITION EXISTING PRIOR TO THE MAKIN
1989-10-30HPD class A: D26-12.01 ADM CODE PAINT WITH LIGHT COLORED PAINT TO THE SATISFACTION OF THIS DEPARTMENT CLGS 4 STY APT 6 REAR & 2 FROM REAR ROOMS. LOCATED
1989-10-30HPD class B: D26-20.08 ADM CODE REPAIR OR REPLACE THE SMOKE DETECTOR MISSING 4 STY APT 6 TENANT LEE. LOCATED AT APT 6
1989-10-30HPD class B: D26-10.01, 10.05 ADM CODE REMOVE ALL ENCUMBRANCES CONSISTING OF PLANTS WAGON HOUSEHOLD ITEMS 3 STY & BULKHEAD STAIRS PUB HALL.
1989-10-30HPD class B: D26-10.01, 10.05 ADM CODE AND DEPT. RULES AND REGULATIONS. REMOVE THE ENCUMBRANCE OBSTRUCTING EGRESS FROM FIRE ESCAPES 2 STY REAR.
1989-10-30HPD class B: D26-19.07 ADM CODE INSTALL AND MAINTAIN SUFFICIENT LIGHT OR LIGHTS OF AT LEAST 40 WATTS INCANDESCENT OR EQUIVALENT EACH, TO LIGHT ADEQUATELY
1989-10-30HPD class B: D26-19.05 ADM CODE PROVIDE ADEQUATE LIGHT OF NOT LESS THAN 60 WATTS INCANDESCENT OR EQUIVALENT ILLUMINATION 1 STY PUB HALL.
1989-10-30HPD class B: D26-19.07 ADM CODE PROVIDE ADEQUATE LIGHTING AT OR NEAR THE OUTSIDE OF THE FRONT ENTRANCEWAY OF THE BUILDING AND KEEP SAME BURNING FROM SUNS
1989-10-30HPD class A: § 62 M/D LAW REARRANGE TELEVISION AND/OR RADIO ANTENNA TO BE AT LEAST 10 FEET ABOVE ROOF AND NOT ATTACHED TO ANY FIRE ESCAPE OR SOIL OR VENT
1989-10-30HPD class B: D26-13.03 ADM CODE ABATE THE NUISANCE CONSISTING OF VERMIN ROACHES 4 STY APT 6. LOCATED AT APT 6
1989-10-30HPD class B: D26-10.01 ADM CODE REPAIR THE BROKEN OR DEFECTIVE PLASTERED SURFACES AND PAINT IN A UNIFORM COLOR CLG 4 STY APT 6 I ROOM FROM FRONT. LOCATED
1989-10-25HPD class B: D26-10.01 ADM CODE PROPERLY REPAIR WITH SIMILAR MATERIAL THE BROKEN OR DEFECTIVE SHEETROCK CLG CELLAR THRUOUT.
1989-10-25HPD class B: § 27-2005, 27-2007, 27-2041.1 HMC: REPLACE OR REPAIR THE SELF-CLOSING DOORS THAT IS MISSING OR DEFECTIVE BULKHEAD AT ROOF.
1989-10-25HPD class C: § 27-2005 ADM CODE & 309 M/D LAW ABATE THE NUISANCE CONSISTING OF EYE HOOK & LATCH INSTALLED BULKHEAD DOOR AT ROOF.
1989-10-25HPD class B: D26-11.01, 11.03, 11.05 ADM CODE CLEANSE AND DISINFECT TO THE SATISFACTION OF THIS DEPARTMENT AFTER REMOVING THE FECAL MATTER FIRE PASSAGEWA
1989-10-25HPD class B: § 27-2010, 2011, 2012 ADM CODE REMOVE THE ACCUMULATION OF REFUSE AND/OR RUBBISH AND MAINTAIN IN A CLEAN CONDITION THE AT CELLAR THRUOUT.
1989-10-25HPD class C: § 27-2033 ADM CODE POST NOTICE, IN FORM APPROVED BY THE DEPARTMENT, STATING THE NAME AND LOCATION OF THE PERSON DESIGNATED BY THE OWNER TO H
1989-10-25HPD class C: § 27-2033 ADM CODE PROVIDE READY ACCESS TO BUILDINGS HEATING SYSTEM PADLOCK ON BOILER ROOM DOOR.
1989-10-25HPD class B: D26-10.01, 10.05 ADM CODE REMOVE ALL ENCUMBRANCES CONSISTING OF HOUSEHOLD ITEMS DEBRIS ETC 2 & 4 STY & BULKHEAD PUB HALL.
1986
1986-03-31Mortgage satisfied — from HARTOFELIS, GUS X. ETAL to ROLAND, JACK ETAL
1986-03-31Mortgage satisfied — from SUNTAN RLTY INC ETAL to HARTOFELIS, GUS X. ETAL
1986-03-31Mortgage $250,000 — from 30-65 STEINWAY ST CORP to BANCO POPULAR DE P.R.$250,000
1986-03-31Mortgage satisfied — from STEINWAY ST. CP to SUNTAN RLTY CP
1982
1982-10-03HPD class C: D26-10.01 ADM CODE REPAIR THE BROKEN OR DEFECTIVE PLASTERED SURFACES AND PAINT IN A UNIFORM COLOR 2 STY CLG WEST APT 2 KITCHEN 15 ER1. , SEC
1982-05-14Agreement — from VLACANICH, JOHN; 30-65 STEINWAY ST.CORP.; SUNTAN REALTY INC.; VLACANICH, MAURA to HARTOFELIS, HELEN; HARTOFELIS, GUS X.
1982-05-14Deed — from SUNTAN REALTY, INC to 30-65 STEINWAY ST. CORP
1982-05-14Mortgage $47,000 — from 30-65 STEINWAY ST. CORP to SUNTAN REALTY CORP$47,000
1982-05-14Mortgage assigned — from SUNTAN REALTY INC. to HARTOFELIS, HELEN; HARTOFELIS, GUS X.
1982-01-25Deed — from HARTOFELIS, GUS X.; HARTOFELIS, HELEN to SUNTAN REALTY INC.
1982-01-25Mortgage $132,000 — from VLACANCICH, MAURA; VLACANCICH, JOHN; SUNTAN REALTY INC. to HARTOFELIS, GUS X.; HARTOFELIS, HELEN$132,000
1978
1978-09-07Mortgage assigned — from ROSENBLUM PAULINE EXECUTORS OF to PHILIP ROSENBLUM; HERBERT I ROSENBLUM; JACK ROSS; SYLVIA H ZAINO
1974
1974-02-21Deed — from ROLAND JACK; ROSENBLUM PAULINE; ROSENBLUM HARRY to GUS X HARTOFELIS; HELEN HARTOFELIS
1974-02-21Mortgage — from HELEN HARTOFELIS; GUS X HARTOFELIS to JACK ROLAND; HARRY ROSENBLUM; PAULINE ROSENBLUM